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Art, music, literature and music education are components of school education and fall under the responsibility of the Länder, which organise them differently in terms of scope and quality. In the school year 2020/2021, 555 000 enrollments were made nationwide (for comparison, school year 2017/2018: 595 000 enrollments) in artistic subjects such as music, art, literature or similar in the qualification phases I and II of the gymnasiale Oberstufen at general education schools. In relation to the number of pupils, the indicator value for Germany was 1.0, meaning that on average every pupil took a course in an artistic subject.... read more →

The topic of "cultural education" has received growing attention in Germany in recent years. At the federal level, the main governmental responsibility for arts and cultural education lies within three federal agencies: the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth began implementing its "Autonomous Youth Policy" in 2011. In particular, the field of cultural education can move into the area of inclusion of non-formal education and cooperation with formal... read more →

The basic principle governing cultural policy in Germany – a principle that has been enshrined in some of the Land Constitutions – is to enable the greatest possible number of citizens to participate in the country's cultural life. All public cultural policy endeavours and expenditures serve the aim of creating the conditions for free and unfettered participation in cultural life. Appropriate cultural support measures – in the fields of museum, theatre and arts education – are therefore being undertaken at all policy levels. In the cultural policy debate, a direct link has, for some time, been established between the subject... read more →

Table 4: Household cultural expenditure by expenditure purpose, in euros 2015, 2016 and 2017 Year201720162015I. Books and press357366359Books110116116Press247250243II. recreational and cultural services769744737Visit cinema, theatre, music, circus. events138128129Visit museums, zoological and botanical gardens413738Other590579570III. audiovisual Equipment and data carriers299300297Sound and image reception,-recording and playback devices696464Photo, film and optical equipment283127Data processing, equipment and software140138134Sound, image and other Data carrier626772Total3.1053.0923.026 Table 5: Household cultural expenditure by expenditure purpose, in % for 2015, 2016 and 2017 Year201720162015I. Books and press11,611,811,6Books3,63,73,8Press8,08,18,0II. recreational and cultural services24,824,124,4Visit cinema, theatre, music, circus. events4,44,14,2Visit museums, zoological and botanical gardens1,31,21,3Other19,118,818,9III. audiovisual Equipment and data carriers9,69,79,8Sound and image reception,-recording and playback devices2,22,12,1Photo,... read more →

Despite the continuously increasing number and variety of cultural and leisure-time activities since the 1970s – especially those made available by the culture and media industries – attendance and participation figures for public cultural institutions have continued to rise over the long term, though they have fluctuated widely and declined in some areas. Table 3: Cultural consumption and participation in Germany Activities heavily subsidised by the state Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Opera performances * 2019/2020: 2.42 Mio. visits2018/2019:3.84 Mio. visits 2017/2018: 3,76 Mio. visits Dance * 2019/2020: 1.053 Mio. visits2018/2019:1.676 Mio. visits 2017/2018: 1.608 Mio. visits Operetta *... read more →

In addition to the support provided via artists associations, funds are made available to bodies such as the German Arts Council, the German Music Council and two Federal associations of visual artists. A portion of these funds are earmarked to assist these associations as well as to support individual projects.

Scholarships and prizes are instruments of individual support for artists, which are awarded by public authorities at municipal, state and federal level as well as by private and civil society organisations. The web portal Kulturpreise Online provides information on cultural funding, especially for individual support for artists in the form of prizes and scholarships. Culture and art awards are a particularly important funding instrument that has grown in scope and importance in recent decades. In 1978, the Handbook of Cultural Prizes (Handbuch der Kulturpreise) listed 776 prizes and scholarships; by 1985 the number had risen to 1,329; in 1994 the... read more →

The promotion of individual artists is primarily the responsibility of the federal states and local authorities. The Federal Government's promotion of artists - in addition to the benefits for the social insurance for artists and indirectly through the funding of cultural institutions - takes place, for example, through the funding of stays abroad by artists living in Germany: in Italy (German Academy Villa Massimo in Rome, Casa Baldi in Olevano Romano, German Study Centre in Venice and Villa Romana in Florence), in France (Cité Internationale des Arts in Paris) and in Turkey (Villa Tarabya in Istanbul). In addition, since the... read more →

The promotion of artistic production and reception is achieved on the one hand by funding the cultural institutions and on the other hand by creating art-friendly conditions. This also includes the provision of basic and advanced artistic training, primarily through 52 music, theatre and art colleges and four federal academies. The Federal Government's cultural funding focuses on the following areas of responsibility: national, establishing a regulatory framework for the development of art and culture, funding cultural institutions of national interest (e.g. the National Library, the Federal Archives, the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany) and projects,... read more →

In recent years, numerous types and models of partnerships between public cultural institutions and private firms emerged in Germany. However, most cultural institutions, including the largest ones, are still exclusively state-run. Permanent co-operation and cofinancing arrangements have been reached mainly for smaller institutions at local level, i.e. between local businesses and the respective municipal administration. There are now more and more examples of institutionalised cooperation in the realisation and maintenance of larger institutions such as the Pinakothek der Moderne in Munich and the NRW-Forum Kultur und Wirtschaft in Düsseldorf, where the federal states (Länder), the municipalities and private firms /... read more →