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Heritage is the first sector of cultural participation in France after broadcasting. The interest in heritage was qualified as a "major French passion", which is illustrated by the audience success, every year, of the Heritage Days that were created in 1984 by the French Ministry of Culture and became in 1991 the European Heritage Days. Since the 1980s, thousands of heritage associations are concerned with the protection, preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage at local level. They are partners of territorial authorities. The frequentation of heritage sites, in particular the major Parisian museums, underlines the importance of heritage to... read more →

In 2016, the law on freedom of creation, architecture and heritage is promulgated (loi n° 2016-925 du 7 juillet 2016). It is an ambitious act that concerns all the fields of cultural policies (see chapter 4.2.1). The main objectives of the 119 law articles arte to assert and guarantee the freedom of creation and the cultural diversity, to advocate the role of artists within society, to foster a better and wider cultural access for all, and to reinforce and modernise heritage protection. Cultural democratisation and cultural democracy Since the creation of the Ministry of Culture, two mainstream and crosscutting objectives... read more →

The European territorial authorities situated in border areas (cities, regions, provinces, intercommunalities, urban areas and conurbations, etc.) developed numerous networks and cooperative projects with their counterpart authorities located on the other side of the border, which led to the formation of groupings and organisations commonly named "euroregions". These dynamics were, on the one hand, encouraged by the policies of the Council of Europe in favour of cross-border cooperation (in particular the Madrid Convention in 1981 and its additional protocols) and, on the other hand, they were supported by the financing of the regional policy of the European Union (INTERREG programmes... read more →

Professional training and exchange schemes The vitality of France's cultural scene and its experience in cultural administration and management give rise to a significant demand for co-operation (in the form of expertise and training) with foreign governments and culture operators. In addition to the programmes "Courants" (Streams) and "Formation Internationale Culture" (International Cultural Training), a number of directorates and institutions of the Ministry of Culture and Communication provide training for foreign professionals, and numerous expert missions covering a wide range of fields are organised each year. The Ministry of Culture have long developed specific hosting and training schemes for foreign... read more →

Numerous programmes exist, involving stakeholders at all levels of public and private action in France, to favour and foster European and international cultural cooperation, including: European Heritage Label is a scheme to highlight heritage sites that celebrate and symbolise European integration, ideals and history. It was launched in 2006 by the European Commission, following an initiative of the French Ministry of Culture. The label emphasises the European dimension of cultural monuments, natural or urban sites and commemorative sites. An interactive publication of the European sites that received this label was realised within the framework of an intergovernmental initiative. France-UNESCO Cooperation... read more →

French cultural network and institutions abroad The Ministry of Foreign Affairs set up operating institutions to pilot and coordinate the different departments and bodies of the French cultural network abroad, under the supervision of the Directorate-General of Global Affairs, Development and Partnerships: the French Institute, a public institution (établissement public) created in 2011 to succeed the association Culturesfrance with a widened scope of activity and reinforced resources;the Foundation Alliance Française, which took over in 2007 the international activities of the Alliance Française of Paris to promote the teaching of the French language;the Agency for French Education Abroad (Agence pour l'enseignement... read more →

Co-operation between the Ministry of Culture and Communication and other ministries Ministries other than the Ministry of Culture and Communication participate directly in public cultural development: Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Health, Youth and Sports, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Tourism for instance. A wide range of cultural projects are undertaken by these ministries in the fields of training in the arts; conservation of specialised libraries, national museums, monuments and the historical archives of ministries; and cultural initiatives in specific contexts (jails, hospitals) or abroad. These actions are based on many inter-ministerial agreement protocols... read more →

According to the first article of the Constitution, "France shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic (…) It shall be organised on a decentralised basis". The President of the Republic is the head of the State. The President is elected for a term of five years by direct universal suffrage. He appoints the Prime Minister, who is responsible for forming the government and whose task it is to define and implement the nation's policies, which are submitted to the people's representatives of the French Parliament, composed of two houses: the National Assembly and the Senate. Within the government,... read more →

Chart 1:     Key actors in public cultural policy making Sources : Ministry of Culture website (http://www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr) ; Les collectivités locales en chiffres 2016 (http://www.collectivites-locales.gouv.fr) * Cultural institutions with national competence (27 in 2016, including 16 national museums): institutions directly attached to the central administration of the Ministry of Culture and Communication. They have functions in the field of management, technical studies, formation, and activities of production of goods or provision of cultural services in national matters. Examples: national archives, research and restoration centres, museums, media libraries and national libraries of architecture and heritage, etc...(complete list on the Ministry website) ** Public institutions... read more →

The Ministry in charge of cultural policies in France is currently called the Ministry of Culture and Communication, also referred here to as the "Ministry of Culture". A specific Committee was set up in 1993 to work on the history of the Ministry: Comité d'histoire du ministère de la Culture. It is composed of researchers, experts and officers of cultural policies, and organises different events to promote and disseminate historical knowledge on cultural policies. The Committee also produces numerous publications. The history of cultural policies in France is marked by the central role of the State, long before the installation... read more →