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Table 1: Cultural institutions, by sector and domain Domain Cultural institutions (subdomains) Total Public sector Private sector Mixed ownership Number (year) Trend last 5 years (In %) Number (year) Trend last 5 years (In %) Number (year) Trend last 5 years (In %) Number (year) Trend last 5 years (In %) Cultural heritage Cultural heritage sites (recognised) About 1 million (2018)* nda # nda # nda # nda # Museums Museum institutions 6 834 (2019)** + 7.25%** 3 483 (2019)** + 3.3%** 3 094 (2019)** + 12.6%** 257 (2019)** + 1.6%** Visual arts exhibition halls 733 (2019)** +8.1%** nda #... read more →

Over the past few years, the Federal Government, the federal states (Länder) and the municipalities have increasingly been handing over direct responsibility for running cultural facilities and programmes. This organisational restructuring of the cultural sector is not only strongly advocated by the state but also favoured by representatives of the business sector and groups in society, provided it does not involve an abdication of the state from its responsibility to ensure financing. In institutionalising them, new models of sponsorship are favoured without the public sector withdrawing from the responsibility for guaranteeing and financing. A distinction must be made between two... read more →

Cultural institutions, events and projects are also financed by private households, the business community, foundations and other private non-profit organisations, in some areas to a considerable extent. Reliable statistics on private cultural funding are unfortunately not available in Germany. In its Kulturfinanzbericht 2020 the Federal Statistical Office provides an estimate for a small section of private cultural financing, namely private expenditure on publicly subsidised cultural institutions in 2017, which amounted to 1.2 billion EUR, or 15.05 EUR per capita. In 2016, the private sector contributed to a similar extent to the financing of public cultural institutions. At that time,direct revenues... read more →

Table 7: cultural expenditure and cultural related expenditures 2017 in Germany by federal level, federal state level and local level Field/Domain/Sub-domain TOTAL Federal level Federal state level Local level in million EUR in % in million EUR in % in million EUR in % in million EUR in % Theatre and music 3942.8 34.5 68.2 3.5 1727.5 39.0 2147.1 42.3 Libraries 1611.8 14.1 332.2 17.1 441.4 10.0 838.2 16.5 Museums, collections, exhibitions 2182.7 19.1 462.9 23.9 608.3 13.7 1111.6 21.9 Conservation and preservation of hist. monuments 574.6 5.0 135.9 7.0 236.3 5.3 202.4 4.0 Cultural foreign affairs 686.0 6.0 684.9... read more →

Table 6. Public cultural expenditure by level of government, 2017 Level of government Total expenditure in billion EUR* % share of total State (central, federal) 1.940 16,96 % Regional (provincial, Länder, etc.) 4.426 38,68 % Local (municipal, incl. counties) 5.076 44,36 % TOTAL 11.442 100% Sources: Statistical Offices of the Federation and the Länder (2020): Kulturfinanzbericht 2020, Wiesbaden. In 2017, the municipalities accounted for the largest share of public cultural expenditure with 44.36 per cent, followed by the Länder with 38.68 per cent, and the federal government's share was 16.98 per cent. An examination of the development of the respective... read more →

Short overview Cultural funding in the Federal Republic of Germany is based on several pillars. In accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, culture - and thus also its public funding - is first and foremost a matter for the local communities. Only when a cultural policy task exceeds the municipal power in scope or matter does the state become active as a sponsor or promoter. Therefore, the municipalities bear the largest share of public cultural funding, followed by the Länder. The federal government has to bear only a smaller share due to its limited cultural policy competences (see chapter 4.1.2).... read more →

Both the Federal Government and the federal states (Länder) provide support for film. National film support has its legal base in the Federal Film Promotion Act (FFG) which entered into force in 1968 and is constantly being updated. The present version came into force on January 1st 2022. The FFG is the legal basis for the Film Promotion Agency (FFA). Among other things, it determines the responsibilities and institutional framework of the Film Promotion Agency, includes regulations concerning requirements and funding and is the legal basis for the film support fee. The FFA is tasked with providing "measures for the... read more →

In the early years of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal law "Art in Buildings" was passed (January 1950) in order to promote visual artists and to bring art into public space. This stipulated that 1%, later 2%, of the construction sum of public buildings should be spent on works by visual artists on and under construction. (In 1934, there was a decree of the same name for the Reich, the Länder and the cities). This regulation has been revised several times and is now part of the "Guidelines for the Execution of Federal Building Tasks" (RBBau K7). At... read more →

Article 5.1 of the Federal Constitution guarantees the freedom of expression of opinion and is, therefore, an important legal prerequisite for the development of free and lively literature. Furthermore, this Articlestipulates that everybody has the right "to inform him / her unhindered from generally accessible sources". This could be interpreted as a duty for the state and its public facilities, in particular libraries, to provide an "unhindered" access to the literary resources administered by them. However, the right to participate in state services and educational supplies cannot be brought to court. For a long time in Germany, legal regulations governing... read more →

One of the central tasks of cultural policy is the protection and preservation of the built heritage, i.e. cultural monuments and man-made landscapes including architectural, archaeological and paleontological monuments as well as parks. At the Land level, monument protection legislation has been passed. In addition to their sovereign right to define their own tasks, the federal states (Länder) also consider it their duty to preserve such monuments and provide funds for this purpose. Municipalities are also involved in monument conservation; as a general rule, they have been assigned specific roles in this domain. Despite the primary role of the federal... read more →