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Historical background In contrast to most European countries, Germany was made up of many independent feudal states and city republics that each pursued their own cultural policies and established a host of cultural institutions. Among them were distinct cultural traditions that were not centralised nor assimilated in the German Empire (Reich), founded in 1871. While the new Reich government was responsible for foreign cultural policy, the constituent states retained responsibility for their own cultural policies. The special autonomy of the municipalities extended to the area of cultural affairs which was supported by a strong civic commitment to the arts and... read more →

In the broad range of Georgian public organizations, the share of the nongovernmental sector in the field of culture is rather small, generally due to the low level of financing of culture and non-diversified sources. This has resulted in a dependence on the financial support of the state. On the background of a stable fall in international funding of culture and possible termination of state financing, some organizations have been abolished or reorganized. This process intensified during the Covid-19 pandemic. The “Cultural Strategy 2025” includes general issues regarding cooperation with NGOs; however, the state in addition to the programmes supporting... read more →

Within the last 30 years the network of former cultural houses and clubs of the Soviet period has been trimmed down. In general, these centres of culture have been privatized and only a small number have preserved their main profile; the institutions of culture (clubs, centres and houses of culture) that are accountable to the local bodies of administration and self-government have legal NGO-status although they receive state-municipal financing. Unfortunately, no statistical data is available as these cultural houses and clubs were always under the control of the regional or municipal authorities, which provide no detailed reports on cultural data.... read more →

In the reform process of higher and secondary education, there is a system of arts and music schools which provides continuing education for children with appropriate talent. According to 2005 data, there were 258 such schools in Georgia. According to the new national curriculum for 2011-2016 a new optional subject – "World Culture" is being taught at the intermediary stage of public schools. Under the initiative of the National Curriculum and Assessment Centre of the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia, teachers of world history in all 550 schools have passed training on the methodology of teaching of a... read more →

The higher education system in Georgia consists of three cycles: First cycle – Bachelor's Degree (240 credits);Second cycle – Master's Degree (120 credits); andThird cycle – Doctor's Degree (180 credits). The following are the higher education institutions in Georgia: CollegeTeaching UniversityUniversity External quality assurance in Georgia is carried out through an accreditation process which is conducted by the National Education Accreditation Centre. The state recognizes the qualification documents issued only by an accredited higher education institution or equated thereto. Today there are 12 universities and professional schools in Georgia: 4 universities dedicated to art;3 specialized colleges of art;3 general universities... read more →

The Ministry of Education and Science, which is conducting education reform in Georgia, is responsible for promoting intercultural education. National goals for education have been adopted in Georgia in October 2004, stating that the development of intercultural skills for graduates of secondary level education is one of its priorities. The Law on Secondary Education, adopted in April 2005, grants rights to all schools to teach in minority languages and to teach the history of minorities without any discrimination regarding the content or the financial support offered. In 2008, the new Strategic Vision Project – the National Vision and Action Plan on... read more →

The Ministry of Education and Science has elaborated the new programme for fine and applied arts and music to be taught within all the grades. Within the 1st and 2nd grades, art subjects are mandatory and in 3rd grade they are optional. The correlation of subjects in the fine and applied arts and music shall be equally distributed by terms in 8-10th forms. Innovations are envisaged in the New National Curriculum Amendments made in the National Curriculum came into force from 2018-2024 academic years. A normative document was created with the involvement of more than 150 experts. The following priorities... read more →

The Ministry of Culture, Sport and Youth and the Ministry of Education and Science are the central government bodies responsible for arts and cultural education and training in Georgia. The arts education system (similar to the general education system) consists of three main stages: Stage I: primary education, including art schools (of music, fine arts, dance etc.). According to data from 2018, there are 258 such schools in Georgia. Stage II: secondary vocational education, including art colleges (of art, music, dance, cultural education). In 2018 there were 26 art colleges in Georgia. Stage III: higher education in culture is regulated by the Law on... read more →

Before the Culture Strategy 2025 was created in 2016, there was no clear coordinated or strategically developed governmental programme for the promotion of participation in cultural life, and no state policy for extended civil participation or development / solidarity in the civic community. There are some initiatives to promote the sale and distribution of season tickets by Zachariah Paliashvili State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet and project "Dmanisi" of the National Museum – which is a summer archeology camp for children. Some activities organized by the state could be considered as promoting participation in cultural life e.g.: National holidays... read more →

For the past 30 years no systematic research and polls in the sphere of culture have been held in Georgia due to the extremely dramatic and dynamic political life aggravated by the socio-economic crisis. The exception was the sociological research carried out on focus groups for the Conception of Development of Culture and Tourism in Tbilisi, held by the Fund for Culture Salvation under the order of the Service of Culture and Sport of Tbilisi Municipality in 2004. As the research was targeted only at the detection of specific urban trends, nationwide data on participation of various social groups, distinctive... read more →