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Intercultural education does not exist as such in France. Nevertheless, cultural diversity is entirely present in all cultural training and schooling, and many institutions, bodies and programmes are specialised in the cultural and artistic expressions of the world (see chapter 1.4). Many associations promote the arts and cultures of the world, with the support of local, national and European public authorities. Furthermore, different specific curricula, available in some public schools, encourage the reinforcing and deepening of knowledge and practice of foreign languages and cultures. International sections (Sections internationales SI) Since 1981, international sections (special sections within regular schools) welcome French... read more →

Common and compulsory teaching Arts and cultural education is based on the following system: visual arts and music education at primary school (école élémentaire) ( 6-11 years);visual arts and music education at secondary school (collège) (11-15 years);exploration courses, optional courses and speciality courses in various artistic domains at high school (lycée) (15-18 years); andhistory of art from primary school to high school. Additional cultural and artistic activities Many specific actions and schemes can be set up to complete compulsory courses: classes with artistic and cultural projects (classes à projet artistique et culturel), art workshops, artists' residences, heritage classes (classes du... read more →

Arts and cultural education at school addresses three objectives: allows all pupils to constitute a rich and coherent personal culture throughout their school curriculum;develops and strengthen their artistic practice; andallows pupils to meet artists and see artworks, and to attend cultural institutions. Arts and cultural education is par excellence the domain of cooperation between the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education. Since the 1970s many schemes and plans were implemented to strengthen arts and cultural education during school and out-of-school, to develop artistic and cultural professional training as well as the educational mission of the cultural establishments. In... read more →

The programmes and policies that foster cultural practices and participation follow two mainstream lines: cultural democratisation; andarts and cultural education. The objective of cultural democratisation, which characterises the policy of the Malraux Ministry, aims at widespread access to a conventional offer that is considered to be representative of high culture, heritage and artistic excellence: opening of Maisons de la Culture (community culture and arts centres) in the 1960s, low or free entrance fees to the national cultural institutions, and actions to expand cultural audiences. For instance in 1961, the Greek tragedy The Persians by Aeschylus was broadcasted on public television... read more →

From the beginning of the 1970s, the Ministry of Culture and Communication regularly carries out a survey on cultural practices: Enquête sur les Pratiques culturelles des Français; which progressively become the main instrument of follow-up of the participation of French people in the field of culture and the media. The fifth edition of this Cultural Participation Survey dates from 2008, following those in 1973, 1981, 1988 and 1997. The survey scheme was identical each time: a poll with a representative sample of the population of metropolitan France aged from 15 years old, a sample stratified by regions and categories of... read more →

The professional associations and artists' labour unions play an important role to represent the material and moral interests of their members and to negotiate the professional agreements that concern them. They often sit on the committees and commissions that allocate the funds and aids to creation, in partnership with the representatives of the concerned institutions. More than 2 000 associative professional structures of arts and culture sectors are grouped within the Union fédérale d'intervention des structures culturelles (Ufisc: http://www.ufisc.org). Authors' rights management societies supply funds to support creativity, diffusion of live performances and artists' training schemes. These funds are composed of... read more →

The number of artistic and cultural prizes in France is very high. They exist in all disciplines. Several hundred operate in the field of literary creation, including the most famous - the "rentrée littéraire", the Goncourt prize (created in 1903), Femina (1903, exclusively female jury), Renaudot (1926 ), Interallié (1930) and Médicis (1958). Among the most well known in the media are - Molière for the theatre, César for the cinema, the Palmes d'or at Cannes Film Festival, the Victoires de la Musique, the Grand Prix of dramatic writing to reward a work for theatre, and the awards of particular... read more →

Public Commissions Government Commissions have been set up for music, drama and the visual arts. The "1% for Arts" commission, established in 1951, is a special body created for visual artists. It is based on the principle that 1% of the total amount spent on the construction, renovation or extension of a public building must be reserved for a contemporary artwork specially conceived for the building in question. This obligation now applies to both local and State governments. This system allowed the creation of more than 12 300 artworks over 60 years (1951-2011). The National Fund for Contemporary Art (Fonds national... read more →

The various authorities propose financial aids and advisory help (on professional, legal matters, etc.) to artists, in all disciplines, at all scales of public action: State (departments of the ministry, Regional Directorates of Cultural Affairs), municipal, departmental and regional cultural departments and offices. These aids or support can be either directly granted by the departments or through their operators (agencies, public institutions, etc.), for example: at national level: national and regional centres for books, Centre of information and resources for new music (musiques actuelles), National Centre for the Visual Arts (CNAP), National centre of cinema and animation (CNC), National office... read more →

The public cultural institutions can have various and heterogeneous legal status. However the activity of the institutions can determine which status is best suited: non-profit or charity institutions: associations (associations loi 1901) or foundations. The association loi 1901 is a recurrent type of cultural institution and in 2011 there were 267 000 cultural associations, which represents around one fifth of the associations (see chapter 1.2.5);commercial activity: different statuses exist like the société à responsabilité limitée (SARL), société anonyme (SA), sociétés coopératives et participatives (SCOP), sociétés coopératives d'intérêt collectif (SCIC), société d'économie mixte; andpublic companies: direct public management, public management with financial... read more →