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Table 8:    Cultural institutions financed by public authorities, by domain Domain Cultural institutions (subdomains) Number (year)  ++ to -- Cultural heritage Cultural heritage sites 14 070 classified national heritage sites "monuments historiques classés" (2012) 28 938 registered national heritage sites (2012) 119 483 classified movable objects (2011) Around 100 national heritage sites, State property (2013) 38 Unesco World Heritage Sites (2013) 163 sites labelled "villes et pays d'art et d'histoire" (2011) 373 distinguished gardens "jardins remarquables" (2011) 111 sites labelled "maison des illustres / residence of renowned" (2011) Museums 1 220 Museums of France (2011) Archives (of public authorities) 3 sites of the... read more →

The French model of cultural policy is characterised by: the importance of public intervention; andthe institutionalisation of a territorialised cultural governance based on partnership and agreement. Even if the role of the State and the Ministry of Culture remains essential, the responsibility of the territorial authorities (municipalities, départements, regions) gradually increased following, in particular, the various phases of the devolution process: in 1982-83, in 2003-2004, and since 2009 a new step to devolution has been announced (see chapter 1.1, chapter 1.2.6 and chapter 7.1). The cooperation between the institutions of cultural policy is based on multi-level partnership and agreement procedures:... read more →

The NGO ADMICAL Carrefour du mécénat d'entreprise, founded in 1979, releases a survey on corporate sponsorship in France every two years. According to the 2016 survey, cultural sponsorship concerns 24% of companies and represents 12% of the overall sponsorship budget, so around 500 million EUR. The sub-sector that receive the the most important part of the cultural sponsoring budget are build and landscape heritage conservation, music and museums/ exhibitions. The main motivation to engage in cultural sponsorship is to contribute to the attractiveness of a territory/place (40%). Other important incentives are advocacy for culture inside the company (22%) and development... read more →

Table 5:    Budget of the Ministry of Culture, nomenclature of the State budget – Overview and evolution, in million EUR, 2015 and 2016   Million EUR (provisioned credits)  % 2015 2016 2016 Mission culture 2 596,2 2 750,2 80,1 Programme 175 Heritage 752,3 869,8 25,3 Programme 131 Creation 736,1 747,4 21,8 Programme 224 Knowledge transmission and democratisation of culture 1 107,8 1 133,0 33,0 including : titre 2 (personnel expenses and operating expenses) 662,1 668,7 19,5 Mission research and higher education 117,2 122,4 3,6 Programme 186 Cultural and scientific research 117,2 122,4 3,6 Mission medias, books and cultural industries 714,9 561,0 16,3 Programme 180... read more →

Table 4:    Public cultural expenditure, in million EUR, 2010 and 2015 NATIONAL LEVEL Ministry of Culture and Communication (voted 2016) Culture and cultural research 2 872 Medias, book and cultural industries (without advance to broadcasting) 561 Other ministries (voted 2016) National Education, Higher Education and Research 2 775 Foreign Affairs and International Development 751,0 Defence 79,7 Interior 4,1 Economy, Finance, Industry and Digital 12.1 Sports, Youth, Popular Education and Associations 102,5 Prime Minister Departments 5,0 Overseas 1,4 Justice 4,3 Women Rights nc Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy 8,0 LOCAL AND REGIONAL (expenditure in 2010) Communes (more than 10 000 habitants) 4 550,9 Inter-communal... read more →

Note: It is not possible to obtain an aggregated total of the financing of culture because of the existence of transfers between the different sources. Table 3:    Overview of cultural expenditure in million EUR State (budget and taxes) voted 2016 Ministry of Culture (without advance to broadcasting) 3 433 Other ministries 3 743 Advance fund for public broadcasting 3 802 Allocated fiscal taxes 707 Fiscal taxes 1 365 Total State 13 050 Territorial authorities (2010) Communes (more than 10 000 inhabitants) 4 550,9 Inter-communal groupings 988,6 Départements 1 413,3 Regions* 691,2 Total territorial authorities 7 644 Private expenditure Household expenditure (2014)... read more →

Film, video and photography the Cinema and Animated Images Code regulates the specific system of support to the French cinema and broadcasting industries: system of taxation / redistribution, regulation of competition, advocacy of diversity, etc. (see chapter 4.2.3); andEuropean Convention of 2 October 1992 on Cinematographic Co-production, signed by France on the 19 March 1993. Examples of decrees relative to cinema: Decree n° 90-174 of 23 February 1990 modified, on the classification of cinematographic works;Decree n° 98-750 of 24 August 1998 modified, on financial support to the diffusion of certain cinematographic works in cinemas and on financial support to create... read more →

Law n° 77-2 of 3 January 1977 modified, on architecture, which intends to preserve and promote architectural quality, with the creation in each département of a council of architecture, urbanism and environment. The preamble of the law states: "Architecture is an expression of culture";Article L 431-1 of the Urbanism Code, proceeding from law n° 77-2 of 3 January 1977, sets a general rule: any architectural or construction project that requires planning permission must engage a professional architect;Decree n° 2005-734 of 30 June 2005 relative to architecture studies;Decree n° 2007-436 of 25 March 2007 relative to the accessibility of buildings for... read more →

Decree n°94-3 of 3 January 1994 creating the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library): it is the successor of the royal collections that were constituted since the end of the Middle-Ages and the major library of France;Decree n° 76-82 of 27 January 1976 creating the Bibliothèque publique d'information, main Parisian library; andAdministrative order (arrêté) of 9 May 1989 (modified) creating the Scientific National Council of Public Libraries (Conseil national scientifique du patrimoine des bibliothèques publiques). County libraries (Bibliothèques départementales de prêt, notably in charge of reading in rural areas) Law n°83-8 of 7 January 1983 about the repartition of... read more →

The legislative and regulatory provisions in French law regarding heritage and some cultural services are contained in the Heritage Code. This Code gives a broad definition of cultural heritage, covering all public and private buildings and movable property of historical, artistic, archaeological, aesthetic, scientific or technical interest (article L1). The Code is divided into seven thematic books (book II to VI) and crosscutting books (books I and VII): book I: common legal provisions for the whole sector;book II: archives: different services and competences for public archives;book III: libraries (see chapter 4.2.5);book IV: museums, in particular, definition of the statute "musée... read more →