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Ordinance n°45-2339 of 13 October 1945 (modified) on shows and performances, which regulates the professional activity of performing arts entrepreneurs and defines conditions under which licences are allocated (licence d'entrepreneur du spectacle vivant);Labour Code, articles L7122-1 and following ; articles D7122-1 et R7122-2 and following;Decree n°72-904 of 2 October 1972 on the contracts for decentralisation of support to drama (contrats de décentralisation dramatique);Decree n°2013-353 of 25 April 2013 on the National Council of Performing Arts Professions (Conseil national des professions of spectacle);Charter of the Public Service Missions for Performing Arts of 1998: specifies the principles of State action in favour of... read more →

The obligation to use artworks to decorate public buildings, commonly named "1% for Arts" Commission, established in 1951, is a special body created for visual artists. It is based on the principle that 1% of the total amount spent on the construction, renovation or extension of a public building must be reserved for a contemporary artwork specially conceived for the building in question. This obligation now applies to both territorial and State governments. This system allowed the creation of more than 12 300 artworks over 60 years (1951-2011). The executive and operational framework of the "1% for Arts" system is defined... read more →

The majority of the legal provisions relative to cultural policies are in the following codes: Cinema and Animated Images Code (Code du cinema et de l'image animée);Architecture Deontological Code (Code de déontologie des architectes);Education Code (Code de l'éducation);General Code of the Territorial Authorities (Code général des collectivités territoriales);Heritage Code (Code du patrimoine);Intellectual Property Code (Code de la propriété intellectuelle);Research Code (Code de la recherche);Social Security Code (Code de la sécurité sociale); andLabour Code (Code du travail). Many other texts that relate to cultural policies pertain to other codes or legal provisions, as we can see in chapter 4.2. The law... read more →

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The major legal milestones concerning the use of the French language as the one and only official language of the French Republic are: Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts of 1539;Law of 2 Thermidor, An II (25 September 1792);Constitutional Law of 25 June 1992;Law of 4 August 1994 relative to the use of the French language; andDecree of 3 July 1996 relative to the enrichment of the French language. The Constitution (Article 2) specifies that the national, administrative and daily language of the Republic is French, while remaining open to the use of other languages. Translations of official legal, administrative or financial texts can... read more →

Law n° 78-17 of 6 January 1978, called the "IT and Liberty Act" (Loi informatique et libertés). This law was modified in 2004 so as to transpose directive 95/46/ of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data into French law;Law n° 2000-230 of 13 March 2000 adapting the law of evidence to information technology and on the electronic signature;Law n° 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 called the "Confidence in digital economy Act" (Loi pour la confiance dans l'économie numérique). In 1978, an Independent... read more →

France is part of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 9 September 1886, which is currently followed by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). At national level, the Intellectual Property Code regulates copyright provisions. French law distinguishes between: patrimonial rights, which are the economic rights that proceed from the exploitation of  works (art. L.122-1 and following of the Intellectual Property Code); andmoral rights that protect the link between the author and his / her work (art. L.121-1 and following this, the Intellectual Property Code). French law makes the creator the central element: "The author... read more →

A specific social insurance regime applies to authors and to "artists-authors" (writers, music composers, film and television authors, software authors, choreographers, photographers, visual artists, graphic artists, etc.), by which they can benefit from social coverage under the same conditions as salaried workers. Artists and technicians working in the performing arts or audiovisual and entertainment industries (film, television, etc.) can have specific social security coverage designed for people without regular activity or steady employment, a regime commonly called the intermittence du spectacle (see chapter 4.1.3).

There is no general tax legislation for culture, but many special measures operate in the different domains. More information is available on http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/fiscal/index.htm. Tax laws for culture pertain to five major sectors: artistic and literary creation;preservation of cultural heritage;promotion of culture;cinema, broadcasting and the music industry; andpress and publishing. Law n° 2003-709 of 1 August 2003 on sponsorship, associations and foundations aimed at enhancing the tax regime in these areas. The main tax laws concern tax exemptions, wealth tax or also the implementation of specific VAT rates. There are several VAT rates in France (some are specific to Corsica and... read more →

Civil servants have a specific social security regime, salaried workers are managed by the Social Security Office and independent workers have their own sectoral social security offices. Paralleling the emergence of the Welfare State, public authorities tried to improve the social status of artists and creators: with the creation of the Caisse nationale des lettres in 1946 (nowadays the National Centre for Books and Literature), the Copyright Law of 1957, social security for artists-authors in 1964 (see for instance: law n° 75-1348 of 31 December 1975 on social security for artists, authors of literary and dramatic, musical and choreographic, audiovisual... read more →