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Denmark has separate state support systems for individual creative and practising artists, just as in the other Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, Sweden and Iceland). This is an exceptional dimension in the so-called Nordic Cultural Model. The role of The Danish Arts Foundation (Statens Kunstfond) is to promote Danish creative artists. By use of the arms-length principle, the Danish Arts Foundation distributes funding and grants to individual artists in the form of scholarships, bursaries, commission honoraria and prizes, purchases of works of visual art, crafts and design for depositing in state institutions and providing visual artworks in public buildings and facilities.... read more →

The main strategies to support artists and other creative practitioners in Danish cultural policy are distributed on 3 levels: Direct support granted by the Danish Arts Foundation, founded in 1964 via the arms-length principle "Support not steer"; different art councils in literature, theatre, music, etc.; library support to artists as compensation for library loans (see  chapter 1.1,  chapter 1.2.2,  chapter 1.4.3,  chapter 4.1.2,  chapter 4.2.1,  chapter 4.2.4,  chapter 4.2.3,  chapter 4.2.5,  chapter 4.2.6, chapter 7.2.2 and  chapter 7.2.3);Indirect Support through tax legislation allowing private actors and firms to support the arts via tax-reducible sponsorship and private arts foundations; VAT exemption... read more →

Most of the cultural institutions have undergone major changes in the legal and financial status according to the Local Government Reform that came into force on 1 January 2007. The reform implies a new responsibility between the state and local level in the Danish cultural model (see chapter 1.2.2 and chapter 4.2). No institutions have been transformed to e.g. private companies. In recent years, the government has be active in stimulating a new partnership between public cultural institutions and private sponsors and foundations through the contract management system (see chapter 2.1), experimental projects for artists and the cultural industries (see... read more →

Table 4:     Cultural institutions financed by public authorities, by domain Domain Cultural institutions (subdomains) Number (Year) Trend (++ to --) Cultural heritage Cultural heritage sites (recognized)       Museums (organisations)       Archives (of public authorities)     Visual arts public art galleries / exhibition halls       Art academies (or universities)     Performing arts Symphonic orchestras       Music schools       Music / theatre academies (or universities)       Dramatic theatre       Music theatres, opera houses       Dance and ballet companies     Books and Libraries Libraries... read more →

There has been no re-allocation of public responsibility for culture in recent years, e.g. privatisation or outsourcing of activities. However, the ambition is that a bigger part of the cultural activities and institutions should be financed by support from companies, foundations and other private patrons (see chapter 4.1.2). It is also a clear strategy that private companies and the cultural field should cooperate to strengthen the cultural field in the business area, and to include more creativity in the more traditional business world. 

The Ministry of Culture supports increased cooperation between the creative sector and the business world. Since 2002-2003, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Business and Economic Affairs have cooperated closely on matters concerning the Danish cultural industry. Today this cooperation is based on a political agreement signed in 2007 by the government and the opposition parties. The "Agreement on a strengthening of the cultural economy in Denmark" introduces the two corner stones in the political initiatives in this field: The Centre for Culture and Experience Economy and The Four Experience-zones. The goal for the agreement and these two... read more →

Table 3:    State cultural expenditure: by sector, in million DKK, 2011 (budget figures) Field / Domain / Sub-domain Direct expenditure (state)1 Municipalities Total % total Cultural Goods 2 261.8 3 348.3 5 610.1 33.7% Cultural Heritage 1 010.3 567.2 1 577.5 28.1% Historical Monuments3 62.4 0.0 62.4 4% Museums and zoos (and botanic gardens) 947.9 567.2 1 515.1 96% Archives 236.7 0.0 236.7 4.3% Libraries 1 014.8 2 781.1 3 795.9 67.6% Arts 2 438.4 939.7 3 378.1 20.3% Visual Arts (including architecture, arts & crafts and design) 486.2 0.0 486.2 14.4% Visual arts 85.3 0.0 85.3 17.5% Architecture, arts & crafts and design 400.9 0.0 400.9 82.5% Performing Arts 1 952.2... read more →

Table 2:    Public cultural expenditure: by level of government, in million DKK, 2006, 2009 and 2011 Level of government Total 2011*** % of total Total 2009 % of total Total 2006 % of total State (federal)* 10 399.6 62.4 10 195.6 62.3 9 059.2 63.5 Regional (amter + HUR) - - - - 559.6 3.9 Municipalities (kommuner) 6 261.2 37.6 6 173.3 37.7 4 636.7 32.5 TOTAL 16 660.8 100.0 16 368.9 100.0 14 255.6 100.0 Source:    The Danish Ministry of Culture / Danish Statistics.*              Including TV / radio licenses (DKK 4 140 million in 2011) and receipts from the state lottery pools (tipsmidler – DKK 238.3 million in... read more →

Public culture expenditure per capita, in 2010, was DKK 2 190. This corresponds to 0.7% of the GDP per capita (these numbers are for cultural services only). Other numbers on culture (leisure, culture and religion) are not differentiated in the data provided by Danish Statistics.

Film, video and photography With the adoption of the 1972 Film Act (Law No 236 of 7 June 1972 om film og biografer passed by the Parliament on 31 May 1972), the old film fund was abolished and replaced by the state-administered Danish Film Institute. At the same time, the cinema licensing system was abolished, and film now came within the province of the Finance Act. Today, the Ministry of Culture is responsible for the overall administration of state institutions connected with the Danish film industry. The Film Act came into force in March 1997 (Law No 186 of 12 March 1997... read more →