An Act on National and Ethnic Minorities was passed in 1993 (Act LXXVII), declaring minorities to be constituent elements of the state, defining their collective and personal rights. National and ethnic minorities – or, since an amendment in 2011, "nationalities" – are defined as ethnic groups that have been living in Hungary for at least one hundred years and differ from the majority in language and culture. There are 13 recognised nationalities. In Hungary ethnicity is considered a private matter: systematically collecting data according to ethnic background is not allowed under the Personal Data Protection Law. National censuses and elections... read more →
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If you are not happy with the results below please do another searchMost of the mainstream institutions (museums, galleries, theatres, symphonic orchestras, and especially large festivals) have rich programmes of international exchange. Outstanding venues attracting international artists and works of art are the Opera House, Müpa (also called the Palace of Arts, a concert hall which also houses the Ludwig Museum), the Modem in Debrecen, and the Kodály Centre in Pécs. Trafó, the A38 ship, and the MU theatre are popular and well-functioning spaces especially for innovative and experimental productions, both from Hungary and abroad, which regularly participate in EU projects and are financed by a variety of sources. The pandemic has... read more →
Every person working for the Holy See or in the Vatican City State is protected by the Social Security System, called Fondo Assistenza Sanitaria, which covers health care and social protection. There is no specific legislation for artists. However, John Paul II's 2000 Letter to Artists contains a statement of principle on the relationship between the Church and artists. See https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/letters/1999/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_23041999_artists.html
By its nature and with the express encouragement of recent pontiffs, the Roman Curia is increasingly internationalised. Moreover, recent years have seen employment of a greater number of lay men and women and more participation in the life of the Church. Out of the present staff of 2 748, 1 021 are priests or male religious staff, 90 are female religious staff and 1 637 are lay people, (1 212 men and 425 women). Lay people make up 59.6 % of the total. There are 515 women, both lay and religious staff, making up 18.7% of the total workforce. Table 1: Gender balance among... read more →
Due to the special nature of the Holy See and Vatican City, there is no place for diversity of media pluralism and content diversity. Such diversity occurs within the Church on the local level. The existing media directly depending on the Holy See are: Vatican Radio. Established in 1931 in order to broadcast the words of the Pope, it is the only radio station in Vatican City. Although it has cultural, educational and musical programmes, its main purpose is broadcasting the Pope's teachings in various languages. Podcasting and RSS of its main programmes is available through its website http://en.radiovaticana.va/epg-web#!/?cid=167#1;Vatican Television... read more →
The official language of the Holy See and Vatican City State is Latin. The Latinitas Foundation was set up in Vatican City in 1976 with the aim of promoting the study and use of Latin. While other languages are now more commonplace, the use of Latin continues in the liturgy and in official documents and the typical idioms of the Latin language continue to pervade much of the Holy See's life. The universal character of the Pope's ministry has historically fostered the use of various languages. Due to its geographical location, Italian has become the everyday working language in the... read more →
The Sovereign Pontiff and the Holy See regularly speak out in the community of nations, calling for the fundamental rights of cultural minorities to be respected, beginning with the right to exist and to express oneself freely in one's own culture and language, without any form of violence. The principles of the Holy See's position in this connection are summarised in John Paul II's address to the United Nations on 5 October 1995 and also in his message for World Peace Day on 1 January 2001, Dialogue Between Cultures for a Civilisation of Love and Peace: "Dialogue between cultures emerges... read more →
The Pontifical Council for Culture holds regular meetings of those responsible for commissions for culture, which are departments of Episcopal Conferences - institutions set up broadly along regional, national, or international lines. These meetings, held at continental levels, aim at strengthening ties and cooperation between cultural entities and at fostering intercultural dialogue. Local organisations run by the Catholic Church seek, with local initiative, to foster inter-religious and intercultural dialogue: for instance, the Cultural Movement in Antelias (Lebanon) or the Centre for Study of World Religions in Bangladore (India) are trying to get people to discover and respect their neighbour's culture... read more →
The Apostolica Sedes, or Holy See, considers itself a promoter and guardian of art and culture. From its beginning and even in times of persecution, works of art were used to adorn places of worship. Religious freedom in the fourth century led to the birth of a characteristically Christian art, which found its expression in religious buildings and their decoration. In the Middle Ages, the Church, especially in Rome, became the guardian and vehicle to promote ancient cultural heritage. Old works were copied and the arts were taught in monasteries. Universities, typically European creations, were set up within the Church... read more →
Amateur arts and folk culture Amateur arts and folk culture are supported and encouraged on the local level either through the local government or through initiatives of cultural associations and / or groups of people. There is significant overlap between amateur and professional arts in Greece, with widespread phenomena of part-time work in the arts, moonlighting, and transition from amateur to professional status, and vice versa. Cultural houses and community cultural clubs There are numerous cultural associations in Greece, mostly in the field of local history and traditional culture. These are active in publishing and organising lectures and other small... read more →