According to the first article of the Constitution, "France shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic (…) It shall be organised on a decentralised basis". The President of the Republic is the head of the State. The President is elected for a term of five years by direct universal suffrage. He appoints the Prime Minister, who is responsible for forming the government and whose task it is to define and implement the nation's policies, which are submitted to the people's representatives of the French Parliament, composed of two houses: the National Assembly and the Senate. Within the government,... read more →
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If you are not happy with the results below please do another searchThe Ministry in charge of cultural policies in France is currently called the Ministry of Culture and Communication, also referred here to as the "Ministry of Culture". A specific Committee was set up in 1993 to work on the history of the Ministry: Comité d'histoire du ministère de la Culture. It is composed of researchers, experts and officers of cultural policies, and organises different events to promote and disseminate historical knowledge on cultural policies. The Committee also produces numerous publications. The history of cultural policies in France is marked by the central role of the State, long before the installation... read more →
Finland has been sometimes called a promised land of voluntary associations and citizen's civic action, in reference to the fact that there are 70 000 registered and operative associations which have about 15 million individual members, or three times the population. About 75% of the population is a member of one association, about 30% belong to one association and 8% belong to more than five associations. The present annual aggregate turnover of the associations and related civic actions has been estimated to be five billion EUR, with public support of 1.6 billion EUR. The associations offer employment to 82 000 employees; of... read more →
Amateur arts and folk culture Table 23 in chapter 6.2 opens up a preliminary view of the Finnish amateur art scene. This scene is rather lively when the amateur activity is measured in a simple manner, asking whether the respondent pursues certain listed artistic / creative activities. The preferences and level of activity are very much in consonance with the wider scene of Finnish art world. The traditional top three, music (playing a music instrument), visual arts and amateur authorship have high positive rates of 14%, 14% and 13% respectively. Yet they are surpassed in popularity by photography, pursued by... read more →
The Finnish system of basic education in the arts offers extracurricular arts education primarily to children and young people. It is provided in music institutes, art schools for children and youth, dance institutes, arts and crafts schools, circus schools and in many other institutes maintained by local authorities or municipal consortia, registered associations, foundations or private businesses. The network of art education institutes in Finland comprises 88 music institutes and 41 schools in the other arts. The 1992 Act on Basic Arts Education united private and municipal art and music schools into the system of general arts education, which financially... read more →
The government decides on the allocation of hours between subjects in basic education. The core subjects taught in comprehensive schools are laid down in the Basic Education Act (628/1998). These subjects include physical education, music, visual arts, and arts and crafts over the nine years of basic education, is 56 weekly lessons per year (one weekly lesson means a module of 38 hours of instruction, and 56 weekly lessons per year means that the number of lesson hours dedicated to art and skill subjects is 2 128 over the nine years of basic education). The minimum number of single subjects in... read more →
For the legislative basis of arts and cultural education, see Table 18 in chapter 1.3.1. The institutions of professional education and training are administratively separated from the rest of the cultural and arts administration because they are within the jurisdiction of the Department of Education and Science of the Ministry of Education and Culture (see chapter 1.2.1). These institutions forms a hierarchical structure built upon nine year comprehensive compulsory school and post-compulsory secondary academic or vocational education which have as a dual top of higher education consisting of art universities (N=4) and polytechnics (N=29). The four art universities are Sibelius... read more →
There are at least five ways to measure and assess participation in cultural life: household expenditure resulting from the purchase of cultural goods and services, level of participation (how often people visit cultural and art institutions and events), pursuit of amateur activity (yes / no), domestic leisure time use, time used for listening to music, reading etc., and audiences / sales / box office figures in terms of how many visitors different cultural and art institutions attract. The problem is, that statistical information is lacking from 2009 onwards. Household consumption of culture Statistics Finland delineates from household consumption survey data... read more →
The division of financial responsibilities between the two main financiers, that is the state and the municipalities, is clear. The state takes care of the national cultural institutions, including university level arts education; and it supports also the culture industries, mainly cinema. With the financial transfers through its statutory system of subsidies the state also levels disparities throughout the country in the provision of performing arts (theatres, orchestras) and library and museum services; and the regional arts councils mitigate inequalities in the national spread and support for the creative arts. The state subsidy systems help to maintain an extensive system... read more →
Film, video and photography Legislation pertains mainly to the production of feature and documentary films, to television and radio activities and the censorship of films and videos (and, currently also to computer and console games). Support for national production of feature films is channelled via the Finnish Film Foundation. The Act and the Decree on Film Production (2000, 2007) defines the organisation, structure and functions of financial support channelled via the Foundation to Finnish cinema. Besides the main function, this support embraces also distribution and various forms of export, international co-productions, promotion and PR-activities. Acts on Radio and Television, on... read more →